Prospects of Garment Industry in Bangladesh:
Financial Prospect:
Over the last fifteen years or so the garments industries have emerged as the largest source of earning foreign currency.
Employment Prospect:
After the emergence of Bangladesh radical change has come to our garment sector. Garment industries started working from the 10's of the late century. At present there are about 3500 garment industries in the country and 80 percent of them are in Dhaka. The rest are in Chittagong and Khulna. These Industries have employed fifty lacks of people and 90 percent of them are illiterate rural women. About 80 percent of our export earning comes from this sector.
Political Prospect:
With the rise of Industrialization specially RMG sector activities of many Ministry as Ministry of Industries, Ministry of Textile & Jute, Ministry of Trade, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of State and related Government Institutions become more pro-active in sense of overall development of the country. Many institutions raised to assist this sector like BGMEA, BKMEA, ITET and many more which act as the representative of this sector to collaborate with Government. In July 1996, 2,357 garment factories were registered with the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA). The growth has indeed been phenomenal, since the ready-made garment industry began modestly as late as the 1970s.
Creation of a separate ministry would unburden the ministry of industries. And the Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association (BGMEA) have been justifiably pleading for long for the creation of a separate ministry to exclusively deal with RMG issues. So far, the suggestion failed to create any impact on the government.
Cultural Prospect:
In EPZ’s and in outside factories many foreign workers, technicians, engineers work with Bangladeshi related persons. Though these RMG industries we become able to enrich & expand our culture and cultural identity and trends with the whole world. So this is a great opportunity for Cultural Prospect of Bangladesh.
Social Prospect:
In light of growing competition among readymade garment (RMG) exporting countries and consumers' preference for products which meet internationally recognized social standards, it is essential for Bangladesh's RMG suppliers to improve social compliance in their factories.
Training and upgrading the skills of government inspectors, social compliance trainers and especially factory staff, including midlevel managers and workers, is a necessity.
Environmental Prospect:
With the rise of RMG industry the utilization of nature and natural resources become more. To give back-up the RMG industry many backward linkages rise as spinning, weaving, knitting, dyeing, finishing and many others. If all these factories follow Eco-friendly technologies then Environmental Prospect can be ensured.
Prospect of Women Contributions:
The Bangladesh garment industry is the largest employer of women in the formal manufacturing sector. The conditions of the 1971 war, in fact, created the proto-capitalists, and the post-1975 economic policies of the military regime enabled them to become capitalists. The work has different meanings for women of different classes and these perceptions influence gender roles and practices within the household. Women from various class backgrounds are employed because they can be molded into compliant workers. Some single women feel empowered by their earnings. Most married women are unable to leverage their income into greater decision-making power.
These Industries have employed fifty lacks of people and 90 percent of them are illiterate rural women. About 80 percent of our export earning comes from this sector.
Problems of Garment Industry in Bangladesh:
Political Problem:
Due to political problem in the past two years around 4000 factories in Dhaka have been on wildcat strike, 16 factories were burnt down by strikers and hundreds more ransacked and looted, pitched battles were fought with cops and private security forces in workplaces. These events have ignited a wave of fierce class struggle in the garment industry up and down the country. These revolts are spreading beyond the workplace and are absorbing the wider working class community.
Garments industries often pay dearly for political unrest, hartal and terrorism etc. The international market has withdrawn quota advantage over garments export form Bangladesh since December 2005.
Social Problem:
Since freedom is the birth right of a man, mother’s milk, fathers affection and love are the birth right of a child. Mother and father are working in garments all the day round and earn money not enough to live together. So, they are bound keep their child in the village with their mother, mother in law or sister in law. The child must not be growing like any other child who lives with their father and mother. As a result, this child is becoming irrigative. Its mental growth is downward. He or she is not getting a good environment of education. He is always dejected. The child is growing up in an unwelcome world. In the long run, this child will not honor the parents since relationship is not as such.
Environmental Problem:
Photo: Industrial waste indiscriminately dumped in water body to the peril of the localities around.
Environmental problems of today are of complex character as industrialization has been diversified in quality and by regions. Environmental pollution depends on various factors like type of industry, raw materials, production technologies, location of industries, etc. For a particular type of industry, change in energy source e.g. shifting from coal to petrol/diesel, and raw materials as well, caused significant change in types of diseases as well as magnitude of damages.
Even before becoming industrial powers, the industrialized nations caused a variety of environmental problems. They are still confronting with serious environmental issues of water, food and air pollution. Some of them have been solved by the application of engineering techniques or by imposing legal constraints, while others still remain untouched or unresolved. They are now thinking of striking a balance between industrial development and environmental problems.
Financial Problem:
Though financial prospects are more in case of RMG industry than financial problem, there have some financial problem.
Sometimes due to political unrest situation like inter-factory strike, hartal & many other causes delay or missing of garments order delivery. These things causes serious hamper in industry finance & in overall export & earnings too.
Technological Problem:
Bangladesh is unique in RMG production in comparison with the other RMG producing country because of less cost of labour. For this reason, upgraded technologies are used less in this country. Beside this, for economic & quality production quite updated technologies are used.
For pattern & marker making Computer Aided Design (CAD) & Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) are using.
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